A Systematic Review on AI-based Proctoring Systems: Past, Present and Future

In short

AI-based online proctoring is reviewed through the literature, with the authors pointing to security, privacy, ethical and trust problems.

What it looked at

A systematic review of 43 papers from 2015 to 2021, found by searching three research databases. It addressed system design, design parameters, trends and issues, and likely future directions.

What it means for teaching

Useful background before choosing or questioning a remote supervision approach, with the caveat that it reviews the literature and does not test any product.

Limits

A literature review covering 2015 to 2021 only. The authors find the balance of benefits and risks hard to judge. It does not test how well proctoring works in practice.

Cited 311 times by other papers, as counted by OpenAlex in November 2026. A count measures attention, not quality.